Abstract: Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18^th CPC Central Committee made it clear that “the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reforms is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and to advance the modernization of the country's governance system and governance capability”, academics and politicians have provided interpretation of “modernization of state governance system and governance capability. Both the interpretations of the academic world and the explicit expression of the central government all point to the improvement and development of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The core of this is to persist in the issue of how to deepen the reform of the political system under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. From this sense, it can be said that reform is the process of modernizing the state institutional system and optimizing the operating efficiency of the state system. The overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to modernize the implementation capabilities and performance of the socialist national system and system with Chinese characteristics. In short, it is through the deepening of political restructuring to achieve political modernization.